Midterm Study Guide (2021-2022 School Year)

What is chemistry

the study of the properties and behavior of matter

What is matter

matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

Chemical vs. Physical Property

Physical Properties:

• Examples: Boiling point, Density, Mass, and Volume

Chemical Properties:

• Examples: Flammability, Corrosiveness, or Reactivity with acids

Chemical vs. Physical Change

Chemcial Change

• not easily reversed

• new products formed

• reactants used up

• often heat/light/sound/fizzing occurs

• electricity maye formed

• precipitate may form

Physical Change

• easily reversed
• no new sustance created
• often just a state change

Pure Sustance vs. Mixture

There are two classfication under matter: mixture and substance.

Mixture: a combination of more than one substance

Substance: compound/element

Homogenous Mixture vs. Heterogenous Mixture

Homogenous: one that is mixed/dissolved together, like saltwater

Heterogenous: a mixture of two or more substances that are not soluble with each other, like sand and water

Three States of Matter

Intensive Property & Extensive Property

Intensive Property: a property that is a system of physical properties that does not depend on the size or amount of the system

• Examples: melting point, boiling point, etc.

Extensive Property: a property that totally depends on the size or amount of the material (varies with a change of volume/amount)

• Examples: weight, mass, volume, etc.

Unit Conversion

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Desity

Density = Mass / Volume

$$d=\frac mv$$

Atom

Atom: the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

Molecular Compound && Ionic Compound

Molecular Compound: is formed by the reaction of two or more nonmetals Ionic Compounds: formed by the reaction of a metal with a non-metal

Naming

Naming Ionic Compounds: Find the charge of the cation and make it equal to the anion charge (the roman numerals) and add the suffix -ide to the end of the 2nd element

$ Cu_2O$→Copper(1)Oxide

Terms

Ions

Cations: positively charged ions formed from neutral atoms (metal) (Left side on PT)

• Formed when an electron is lost

Anions: are the negatively charged ions formed from neutral atoms (nonmetal) (Right Side on PT)

• Formed when an electron is gained

Groups and Periods

Groups: *the vertical columns *(down) the table Periods: the horizontal rows (across) the periodic table

Specific names

Metals: located on the left side of the periodic table

Non-Metals: located on the right side of the periodic table (plus hydrogen)

Metalloids: located along the step formation on the right side of the periodic table

Alkali Metals: located along group 1

Alkaline Earth Metals: located along group 2

Halogens: located along group 17

Noble Gases: located along group 18 (the most stable elements and the least likely to react in a reaction)